IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - ENZYMES

LAQ:

1. Name the factors affecting enzyme activity (NOTE: individual factors can come for SAQ).
2.  Explain the reversible mechanism of enzyme inhibition.
3.  Explain the irreversible mechanism of enzyme inhibition.
4.  Explain the allosteric regulation of enzyme .
5. Give the medical importance of enzymes.


SAQ:

1. Explain the nomenclature of enzymes.
2.  Classification of enzymes with examples.
3.  What are coenzymes. Give suitable examples.
4.  Explain lock and key mechanism of enzyme activity.
5.  Explain induced fit mechanism of enzyme activity.
6.  Give features of active site.
7.  What are zymogens. Give examples.
8.  What are isoenzymes. Give examples.
9.  Explain the term feedback inhibition. Give example.
10. Give medical importance of reversible inhibition/competitive inhibitors.
11. Give medical importance of  irreversible inhibition.
12. Define isoenzymes. Give examples explaining clinical significance.
13. Which enzymes are used as biomarkers for cardiac diseases.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - MECHANISM OF HORMONE ACTION

LAQ:

1. Describe the role of hormones in regulation of blood sugar levels.

SAQ


1. Describe the action of peptide hormones / epinephrine.
2. Describe the action of steroid hormones / estrogen.
3. Describe the action of thyroid hormone.
4. Describe the factors affecting Ca and P levels in the body.
5. Describe the role of secondary messengers in hormone signalling.
6. Explain the metabolic role of cAMP.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - AMINO ACID METABOLISM

LAQ:

1. Describe urea cycle. Also mention energetics and its regulation.
2. Describe the catabolism of  amino acids.

SAQ:

1. Explain transamination reaction giving example. Also give it's clinical significance.
2. Explain deamination (oxidative and non oxidative) reaction giving example. 
3. Explain transdeamination reaction giving example.
4. What are the various methods of disposal of ammonia.
5. Explain the role of glutamine in disposal of ammonia.
6. Describe some of the disorders related to urea cycle.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR MBBS STUDENTS
1. Describe glycine metabolism.(SAQ)
2. What is the metabolic fate of glycine. (SAQ)
3. Explain hyperoxaluria.(SAQ)
4. Describe the activation of methionine.(SAQ)
5. Explain the significance of transmethylation reaction.(SAQ)
6. Describe homocystinuria.(SAQ)
7. Describe synthesis of NO. Also mention the physiological role of NO.(SAQ)
8. Describe maple syrup urine disease.(SAQ)
9. Describe catabolism of phenylalanine.(SAQ)
10. Which are the important products formed from tyrosine.(SAQ)
11. Describe phenylketonuria.(SAQ)
12. Describe alkaptonuria. (SAQ)
13. Describe albinism.(SAQ)
14. Describe the formation of serotonin. (SAQ)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - MINERALS.

LAQ

1.Describe Ca under following headings- biochemical functions, sources, RDA and hyper and hypocalcemia.
2.Describe iron under following headings- biochemical functions, sources, RDA and iron balance disorders.

SAQ

1. What are the factors affecting Ca absorption.
2. How is blood calcium level regulated in the body.
3. Describe the biochemical functions of phosphorous.
4. Explain digestion and absorption of iron.
5. What is mucosal block theory.
6. Briefly describe anemia.
7.  Briefly describe hemosiderosis.
8. Briefly describe fluorosis.
9. Name some trace elements and list their functions.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR MBBS STUDENTS
1. Explain the process of bone mineralization.
2. Biochemical functions of copper.
3. Briefly describe Wilson's disease.
4. biochemical functions of Zinc.
5.. Biochemical functions of selenium.
6. Explain the role of lithium in treatment of manic depressive disorder.
7. Biochemical functions of sodium.
8. Explain hyper and hypokalemia. 

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - VITAMINS

LAQ

1. Discuss vitamin A under the following headings - biochemical functions, sources, RDA and hyper & hypovitaminosis. 
2. Discuss vitamin D under the following headings - biochemical functions, sources, RDA and hyper & hypovitaminosis. 
3. Discuss vitamin C under the following headings - biochemical functions, sources, RDA and hyper & hypovitaminosis. 
4. Which are the different vitamins in  B complexes and mention their respective coenzymes. in detail.

SAQ

1. Describe Wald's visual cycle with diagram.
2. Describe the activation of vitamin D.
3. Justify vitamin D is also a hormone.
4. Explain rickets.
5. explain the role of vitamin K in blood clotting.
6. What are provitamins.
7. Explain scurvy.
8. Which are the different vitamins in  B complexes and mention their respective coenzymes.
9. Write about Beri-Beri.
10. Write about ariboflavinosis.
11. Write about pellagra.
12. Mention the vitamins whose coenzymes act as reducing equivalents.
13. Biochemical functions of pyridoxine.
14. Explain the role of folic acid in one carbon metabolism.
15. What is methyl folate trap.
16. Explain the digestion and absorption of vitamin B12.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - FREE RADICALS

SAQ:

1.What are the different type of free radicals. Also mention their sources.
2. Explain the clinical significance of free radicals. 
3. What are the various free radical scavenging mechanisms.
4. Explain the various enzymatic antioxidants. 
5. Explain the various non - enzymatic antioxidants. 
6. What is lipid peroxidation.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

SAQ:

1. Describe briefly the energy rich compounds.
2. Explain the organization of ETC.
3. Schematically represent ETC. Also mention the site of ATP synthesis.
4. Schematically represent ETC. Also mention the site various inhibitors of ETC.
5. What are uncouplers. Also give examples.
6. What is oxidative phosphorylation.
7. Explain the role of cytochromes in ETC.
8. Explain the chemiosmotic theory.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR MBBS STUDENTS:
1. Which are the enzymes and coenzymes which play a role in biological oxidation. (SAQ)
2. Explain malate aspartate shuttle. (SAQ)
3. Describe ATP Synthase complex. (SAQ)